Quantitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative research - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, the problem of the reckon is that persistent care for shortages, in addition to, the worry about the quality of current health care emphasize the vital need to employ and retain a cadre of serious nurses in the nations hospitals. The researchers carried out an extensive literature review on the literature that supports the problem of the study. In addition, the study has mainly used old sources, which provide evidence-based information for the investigation (Polit and Beck, 2008). However, the researcher used a number of information resources that are not up to date with some written 22 years before the age of the study. The researchers should call for used latest literature, probably those published within 7 years or so. The literature review excessively provides a state-of-the-art blending of evidence with regard to the research problem, and it provides a substantial foundation for this study. In the study, the research ers present included a number of concepts, which they have adequately defined conceptually. The researchers have also included a conceptual framework, which is appropriate because it clearly defines the concepts of the study and the professional practice model that is suitable for the study. Although the researchers have not provided a conceptual map, it is justified because it could have served the purpose of the conceptual framework. The study included the following a set of three questions, which are explicitly stated. The questions sought to find out the baseline level of dividing line satisfaction by nurses in a pediatric hospital with a conventional, hierarchical nursing administrative structure before the realization of an innovative professional practice model. It also sought to identify changes in job satisfaction that are associated with the movement of a fresh professional practice model whose emphasis is on participatory governance. The other question wanted to find o ut how the level of job satisfaction changes from the time of submitting the Magnet recognition application to a year post submission in the chosen case. These questions are correctly worded with logical precondition of the key variables and the study population. In addition, the questions are in tandem with the literature that the researchers reviewed and the conceptual framework that they provided. The researcher included a single hypothesis, which stated that the member of transforming the model of nursing control to participatory from top-down in order to attain Magnet recognition might be hectic and would be cerebrate with decreases in nurses satisfaction at work. The hypothesis is also suitable for the study because it clearly specifies key variables and it is consistent with the conceptual framework and the literature review (Polit and Beck, 2008). The study was cross-sectional, and it examined job satisfaction in a private pediatric, 282-bed hospital. The researcher condu cted the study before, during, and directly after the application for and achievement of a Magnet hospital position. It was during the time when nursing administrators, staff nurses, hospital nursing administrators, and nurse managers in cooperation developed a formal collective governance

Han Chinese Essay Example for Free

Han Chinese EssayI. Introductory ParagraphAlthough Han China and Rome shared the same attitudes regarding the sizeableness of public works, with China devising the flood prevention system, and Rome creating the indispensable aqueducts, they had completely opposing views concerning tools used for crafts, with the Roman upper-class viewing such tools as demeaning and the Han China upper-class approving and encouraging such tools, especially after the invention of the mortar and pestle.II. Importance for Public WorksA.Water seems to have been the main(prenominal) theme in both Roman and Chinese culture B. Chinese devised an elaborate flood prevention system, and a water-powered blowing-engine and Romans created the aqueducts. C.Romans also had a superb military, which conduct to the construction of the roads, and the necessity of a courier system.III. Roman views on toolsA.Cicero considers crafts as a means of earning a living unsuitable. B.He considers physical labor as on a low er floor and thinks non-material ideas such as language and education are superior. C.The Roman upper-class is of the opinion that tools are not something important and will not benefit the Romans (especially the upper-class) in any way.IV. Han Chinese views on toolsA.The lower class, before the first century B.C.E., was allowed to make their own tools, and thus produced excellent tools. After the state took over, the tools made were of insufficient quality. B.The document written was written by a government official, which suggests that some people in the government do not approve of the government limp and wish for the older days. C.Around 20 C.E., tools were definitely encouraged in Han China, especially after the invention of the mortar and pestle.V. ConclusionPerhaps, with the inclusion of the views of the lower-class people in both Roman and Chinese documents, it would better help strengthen or weaken the argument regarding the different views concerning tools.

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly Essay Example for Free

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly EssayThe advent of multi-stored housing apartments that can be of up to 30 stores imply that any one who has a problem standing or being in elevators for a long time may be forced to seek alternatives which in nigh cases are non existent. However, the use of elevators should not harbor been a worry if only they were well functioning and regularly serviced (Fernandez 2008). According to residents, taking a elevator is a risk in that they are prone to partitions and in most cases it is only one of the up to four lifts that is functional (Fernandez 2008). Some buildings have elevators that breakdown so often that one would rather do without them.The elderly due to their reduced performance are worst affected by the problem most of them have health problems that do not allow for strenuous activities like walking up storied building (Fernandez 2008). According to a resident at Kingsborough apartment, the problem is compounded by the s lowness with which mechanics respond in cases of emergencies (Fernandez 2008).Mechanics take up to nine hours to respond to cases of emergency regarding elevators. Some residents have lost their limbs in efforts to escape from jammed lifts while the loss of time that elevator complications lead to cannot be quantified (Fernandez 2008).Others have lost their lives trying to escape the barrier of jammed elevators. Though residences fail elevator inspection test, nothing is being done about the failures the death of an 89 year old woman which is part blamed on elevator failure has not even raised concern on the issue (Fernandez 2008). Being stuck in elevators for up to 20 proceedings an hour is common and most folks casually chat about it (Fernandez 2008). 151 elevators failures were recorded by Kingsborough extensions in 2007-2008 a record breaking figure for a housing development for the elderly (Fernandez 2008).

Decriminalizing Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Decriminalizing Prostitution EssayThe oldest profession in the world, also known as, prostitution is single of the most controversial debates that more than people have. Should it be legal, should it be illegal, are the women just selling their bodies beca habituate they have low self-esteem? Well, lets question the pros and cons to decriminalizing prostitution. Where brothels are present and their outcome of business. Lets focus on the positive side of decriminalizing prostitution, as mentioned one of the pros would be that it can be an scotch means to a person in need of financial assistance. Just like every other job prostitution is a way of make a living, you have supply and demand, just as a cable man impart come to your house and fix your T. V. a prostitute will give that companion to the person needing it. A second pro would be that it can minimize human trafficking, usuall(a)y when several(prenominal)thing is illegal or inaccessible we hope it more, making some( prenominal) means necessary to achieve it, this is true for human traffickers that sell manhood for various reasons, mainly sex.If we can already make humans readily available for intimate reasons than we can naturally see trafficking coming to a halt. A nonher pro I can see with decriminalizing prostitution is decrease in violence within the prostitute community. Many prostitutes are raped, abused, and murdered. If we were to abet protect these fiddleers then maybe they would be less afraid to seek help from the legal philosophy and the police would better protect them. Because prostitution is illegal many prostitutes that are raped or otherwise abused arent going to the police for fear that they will be arrested.The final pro is if we decriminalize prostitution then both the Johns and the prostitutes would have to get monthly checks for AIDS/HIV and all other STDs. Enforcing this might ensure that we are putting an end to spreading diseases across the nation. We have discussed some pros now lets discuss some cons, I cant see many cons with decriminalizing prostitution but one of them would be the moral aspect of it. I can see how many crimes against these women would become a problem within society.Prostitution is seen as wrong and immoral, so I am not sure if a sex work professional would ever be seen as a the same as a teacher, CEO, or banker. The last con I can see is that the medicine industry would sky rocket, as more and more prostitutes are trading sexual favors for drugs, I can see that drugs would now be spread more vastly across the plains. Just as corrupt as any company could be, prostitution and drugs are commonly known to be a strive in hand occurrence. This could become a problem in the future for police officials to get a hold of if taken out of control and not monitored correctly.In the United States there is only one state where prostitution is legal, which is Nevada. There are only 17 counties in Nevada that allow brothels in their co unties, any county that exceeds 400,000 residents are not allowed to have a brothel. While it is a high paying profession and due to the recession it has seen its bad days, prostitution in Nevada is palliate a very popular and highly sought out job because of its high pay day. The working girls in a brothel have to be tested once a week for STDs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, and once a month for AIDS and HIV.They must also use a condom for ALL transactions and report their tax earnings to the county, so basically the county is their pimp. At the end of the day whether it is moral or not, it is the prize of the men and women who are choosing to sell themselves for money. We should not judge those who chose that profession as a means of making ends meet. Many people do what they have to do to provide for themselves and their families. There are prostitutes who do it solely for the money, some to upkeep their drug habits and some because they just plainly like sex.

The Circulatory System In Animals Physical Education Essay

The Circulatory System In Animals Physical Education EssayThe role of the circulative system in animals is the transportation of nutrients and oxygen to every cell that is in an animal organism, and to also remove waste products. The heart, blood vessels and blood are one-third vital components the body needs to survive. There are also new(prenominal) major roles the circulatory system has which are later discussed.Mammals have a stunt man circulatory system meaning two rophys that blood journeys by dint of pulmonary and systemic.Pulmonary Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. Thepulmonarycircuit transports blood to the lungs for it to beoxygenatedand and then transported back to the heart. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is taken past from the blood, and oxygen taken up by the haemoglobin in the wild blood cells.Systemic Thesystemiccircuit transports blood around the body to deliver the oxygen and return sde-oxygenatedblood to the heart. Systemic circulation provides nutrition to all of the tissue dictated in the organism, with the exclusion of the heart and lungs as they have their own systems. See below for a diagram of the circulatory system.http//biology-forums.com/gallery/14755_10_09_12_7_22_08_85152044.jpegThis diagram is showing the circulatory system the pulmonary circuit where it is picking up oxygen from the lungs, and the systemic circuit which is transporting oxygen to the body.Author unknown (Date unknown)Heart The heart is a muscular pump, when the heart is beating it is pumping blood to the lungs and around your body. The amount of blood pumped can be calculated.Heart rate x stroke book = cardiac output.Below is a diagram of the heart.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcVX2hqu-JHcX6-fbKf4DF8GBI1084LupDgBp7Yxla-WXTsrTPZT8XZMJHgd60HIWk_T5wewbXZ_oT1eiZU-_XutyuVC4_Fv4Ho-lQVJe1FvwyEn0aMQX6IiaoKVJIV-QT0K3a1WwkBvr4/s1600/HumanHeartDiagram.jpgAuthor unknown (Date unknown)This diagram of the heart is shown from in the front. So the proper(ip)side is shown on theleft. Theleftsi de is on therightside of the diagram. The heart has four chambers. The twoatriagather the blood. The two ventriclespump blood out of the heart. Valvesstop the blood from flowing backwards. Theseptumsplits the two sides of the heart. The right side of the heart pumpsde-oxygenatedblood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart pumps the oxygenatedblood from the lungs around the rest of the body.Blood Vessels There are threesome different types of blood vesselArteriesArteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart, except from the pulmonary artery which goes to the lungs where the blood would be deoxygenated.Arteries have thick muscular walls and have elflike lumen and they contain blood which is under high pressure.VeinsVeins transport blood to the heart which is always de-oxygenated except the pulmonary vein which goes from the lungs to the heart where the blood would be oxygenated. Veins have thin walls and larger lumen and they contain blood which is under low pressure. Veins also have valves to stop blood from flowing backwards.CapillariesCapillaries are determined in the lungs and muscles, when capillaries are looked at under a microscope they are one cell thick, blood is of very low pressure. The capillaries are where oxygen passes through the capillary tubing wall into the tissues and where carbon dioxide passes from tissues in to the blood.Blood Animal organisms cant survive without blood. Without blood, organs wouldnt startle oxygen and nutrients that they need to live animals wouldnt be able to forestall warm or cool down, fight infections, or get rid of waste products. Without enough blood, animals would weaken and die.The circulatory system works carefully with other systems in animal organisms. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to organisms by working with the respiratory system. The circulatory system assists carrying waste and carbon dioxide out of the organism.The circulatory system also has its bulge in fighting disease in carrying specialised cells which are made in the organs of the immune system.The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of hormones. Hormones mark off vast amount of things such as growth, the reproductive cycle and glucose metabolism. Hormones are produced in one part of the body, such as the brain or the liver, and then must be moved to a nonher part of the body by the circulatory system for them to transport their message.The circulatory systems other main role is to put body temperature, if body temperature rises then blood vessels close to the skin increase in size so that more heat is directed in to the picnic and vice versa if body temperature drops the blood vessels decrease in size so the heat will retain in the body.Factors which can influence transportation and circulation in animalsHigh blood pressure (Essential hypertension) where in that respect is no specific cause.High blood pressure of a known cause (secondary hypertension).Low fluid volume which will also include low blood pressure.Low cardiac output. (-Adrenoreceptor antagonists).Obstruct membrane changes and cardiac output, will cause widening of the blood vessels.Aneurysms, where there is weakening in the artery walls, mainly the aorta.Arteriosclerosis is where the artery walls are hardening and thickening loss of elasticity which is part of aging.Atherosclerosis which is the process in the progression of plaques in the lumen which is located in blood vessels.All of these may also be influenced by physiological factors for e.g. diet, exercise, disease, drugs or alcohol, obesity and trim weight.Control mechanisms in animalsSelf-regulating mechanisms, where biological systems try to uphold stable internal conditions e.g., blood pressure and body temperature, when there are changes in the outside environment. Internal environment of any living organism was upheld constant within certain restrictions. Homeostasis is usually achieved through two types of regulating s ystems on-off control and feedback control.Hormonesoften lam a main role in care homeostatic constancy.Homeostasis is carried out around the whole body reaches every cell up to organs and systems.Enzymes could not work properly, which means nothing could operate correctly if there is not a constant internal environment this would mean the living organism would die. each single cell is bathed in a watery solution, which is made by some blood plasma which is allowed to escape out of blood. This will carry away any waste back into the blood.The balance in tissue fluid is vital for the cells and the organism.There are six things that must be controlled in an organism for good healthCarbon dioxideAdditional carbon dioxide must be taken away or else the body becomes too acidic. Carbon dioxide is mainly confused in the air we breathe out, but a minor amount is lost in the urine.UreaUrea is poisonous and must be take away from the organism this chemical is made when amino acids are dige sted in the liver. This is a waste chemical and is mainly removed through urine and sweat.IonsCells can give the axe up swollen, shrivelled or sometimes burst, if the right balance is not kept in ions. Sodium, potassium, hydrogen and phosphate are important ions. These are controlled through how much water is drunk by the organism some are lost like sodium ions, through faeces and sweat.SugarThere has to be enough glucose for respiration and satisfactory stores of glycogen. When blood glucose levels fall too low the organism will die.Water70% of body mass is water. Not keeping the right amount of water the organism would die.TemperatureEnzymes that control all the chemical reactions in an organism work best at the temperature of approx. 37 degrees centigrade, if the organism was to get too hot or too cold the enzymes would die concluding in the organism to die.

Strategic Management Process At Sainsburys

Strategic Management Process At Sainsburys1.0 IntroductionThe separate of this report is about the Strategic Management Process and how it related to the retail industry. The retail industry that was chose to run on this report is J Sainsbury Plc, the third largest chain of supermarts in the United Kingdom. In system Management Process, it consists of leash major sections which argon, first, the Strategy Analysis, then follow by Strategy Formulation and lastly is the Strategy Implementation. In Strategy Management, there atomic number 18 various types of Strategy Analytical tools to apply to decree out the Strength, Weaknesses, hazard and Threats of an governing as distributively(prenominal) the organisations go forth administration its glory time and difficulties. Generally in the retail industry, Strategy Management is the near common plan to use to seek the problems or opportunities open to exceed the crisis and driving high performance in the long term (Accenture. com, 2009). Few chosen tools such as Porters PEST Analysis, Five forces, Value Chain Analysis, Portfolio Analysis, generic wine Strategy, Control System and Strategy Process were further explained and supported in this report.2.0 Strategy AnalysisAccording to Ron Meyer (2004, pg44), analysis is the first step to develop a scheme decision. In Analysis breaker point, an judicature has to identify the opportunities and threats in the environment, as well as the strengths and weaknesses first before proceeding into strategy formulation. These be usually k in a flashn as the four factors of S.W.O.T. analysis. SWOT analysis resign sustain to identify the issues that are essential critical to the future of the organisation.As for the first subtract of the analysis, factors which are outdoor(a) to the nerve are the opportunity and threats. While for the internal factors are the strength and weaknesses. There are strategy analytical tools to identify the away and internal fac tors. PEST is one of the tools that piece of ass trace the opportunity and Five Forces contribute use to identify the threats of the organization. On the other hand, honor chains analysis can apply to identify the strength and weaknesses.2.1 Opportunities and ThreatsAn organizations Opportunity and Threats are affected by external environment. Opportunities are external conditions that are helpful to achieving the objective of an organization while threats are external conditions that are harmful to achieving the organisations objective.2.2 Strengths and WeaknessesInternal Environment affects an organisations Strengths and Weaknesses. Strength are the capabilities of the organization that are helpful to achieving the objective whereas, Weakness attributes of the organization that are harmful to achieving the objective.2.3 Strategy Analytical Tools for External Environment (Macro-Environment)Strategy analytical tools such as PEST and Five Forces can identify the external environme nt factors to an organization.2.3.1 PEST Analysis is an External Environment Tool that Identify the Opportunity of an Organizationdoubting Thomas L. Wheelen (2010) points out that the general environment consists of all conditions in the external environment that forms a background context for managerial decision making. In other words, general environment is the outer layer that is widely dust and affects organizations indirectly. General environment can be affected by Political factors, Environmental factors, Social factors and Technological factors or in acronym, PEST.Political Factor-Political factors refer to the government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy.In United Kingdom, government decreases the rate of skunk tax from 30% to 28%, which can save or help big companies like Sainsburys significant sums of money. (HM Treasury 2008).Economic Factor-Interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates are factors of economy.As the global food crisis rapidly increase has increased the food prices all over the world which ca employ the rising purchasing costs for Sainsburys (economist.com 2008 online). This volition suck an carry on on the margins of the organisation and might lead to passing over the cost to consumers by change magnitude prices of most things in the supermart. In addition, fuel price increases will have implications right throughout the supply chain of Sainsburys leading to an overall situation to price hike.Social Factor-Richard Lynch stated that (2006) the penury of a firms merchandises and the handiness and willingness of a person to work can be affected by the changes of the social trends. Nowadays there seems to be more emphasis on fresh, booming style cooking. This serves an opportunity for Sainsburys to encourage new recipes and unfussy eating. Moreover, people are more emphasis on healthy eating style mostly due to the increasing level of obesity which leads to many consum ers to shift towards healthier food. This new trend has presents a beneficial opportunity to Sainsburys to stock up with more healthy food or create healthier foods at a cheaper price than other manufacturers.Technological Factor-New technologies can create new products and new processes that can reduce costs, cleanse quality and lead to innovation.Sainsbury invested new technology of Smart Grid to cuts energy costs and reduces UK carbon emissions rate. The system monitors the grid and activates the stores biofuel generator when there is an increased demand for electrical energy. As a result, reserve great power stations will not have to be used as very much and the UKs carbon footprint will be reduced. The generator is the first of its kind and will be powered by waste oil and fat from Sainsburys stores to act as an auxiliary power source. Additional technology in the store will reduce strain on the grid further by deactivating or reducing the stores heating, ventilation and sa cking systems at peak times. This is an opportunity to Sainsbury as they use the waste to produce electricity rather than using other source, hence, they can save up the electricity costs. (Sainsbury.co.uk,2010)2.4 Fives Forces Model to Analysis the External EnvironmentFive forces model is an analytical approach use to analyze a firms industry environment. Factors that are considered in tailfin forces analysis are the risk of entry by potential competitors, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products and rivalry among sacrificeed firms. (John A. Pearce, 2011)The dicker Power of Suppliers-Suppliers can affect an industry through their ability to raise prices or reduce the quality of purchased good and function. It should be noted that the suppliers are wedded towards major food and grocery retail merchants and dread losing their course contracts with large supermarkets. Hence, the position of the retailers like Tesco, Asda, and Sain sburys is further strengthened and negotiations are positive in order to press the lowest possible price from the suppliers (Ivorysearch.com).In November 2006, Sainsbury has announced that they are the first to launch new payment management system to make it easier and quicker for suppliers to entranceway look information and gain early payments which has built a strong relationship with the supplier. Suppliers can view their trading account through internet, this giving the supplier better visibility of their expected cash flow. This is also an opportunity to Sainsbury as they have a good relationship with the supplier (PrimeRevenue.com, 2009).The Intensity of Competitive Rivalry-In most industries, corporations are mutually dependant. A competitive go bad by one firm can be expected to have a noticeable act on its competitors and thus may cause retaliation.The intensity of competitive rivalry in the food and grocery retail industry is extremely high. Sainsbury faces intense controversy from its direct competitors, including Asda, Tesco, Morrisons and Waitrose, which are competing with each other over price, products and promotions intermittently. It should therefore be highlighted that Asda is one of the key competitors in this segment with an increase of market share from 16.6% to 16.8% during the fiscal year 2010/ 09, while Morrisons to 11.6% from 11.3% through the same period (Euromonitor, 2010). Sainsbury has to come out new ideas to cope with the high competitive pressure in order to drown the threats from other big competitors.The Bargaining Power of Buyers-Buyers is one of the keys that affect an industry because of their ability to force down prices, bargain for higher quality or move services, and play competitors against each other. In cases where products have a slight differentiation and are more standardised, the switching cost is very low and the buyers can advantageously switch from one brand to another. Customers are easily attracted towards low prices of a product. Besides, with the availability of online retail shopping, the prices of products are easily compared and thus selected. Hence, the bargaining power of customer is a threat to an industry or Sainsbury (John Thompson, 2010).The Threat of the Entry of New Competitors-New entrants to an industry typically bring to it new capacity, a desire to gain market share, and substantial options which are threats to an established corporation. The threat of entry depends on the presence of entry breastworks and the reaction that can be expected from existing competitors. An entry barrier is an obstruction that makes it difficult for a social club to enter an industry. The threat of entry of new competitors into the food retail industry is low as it requires huge large(p) investments in order to be competitive and to establish a brand name. Major brands that have already captured the food retail market are Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons and they account for 80% of all shopping in the UK (Mintel, 2010). Therefore, new entrants have to produce something at an exceptionally low price and/or high quality to establish their market value.The Threat of Substitute Products or Services-A substitute product is a product that appears to be different but can satisfy the same subscribe to as another product.2.5 Strategy Analytical Methods for Internal Environment (Micro-Environment)Value Chain Analysis defines as the activities that take place in a tune organisation and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. Michael Porter suggested that the activities of a business could be grouped under two headings which are Primary and Supported Activities. Primary activities are activities that directly create and deliver a product whereas support activities are not directly involved in labor and it may increase effectiveness or efficiency of the production. On the primary activities are inbound logistics, operations , outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. On the other hand, supported activities include procurement, human imaging management, technology development and Firm Infrastructure. (Anthony Henry, 2008). Value Chain Analysis is one way of identifying which activities are the strengths or weaknesses of the organization.2.5.1 Operations of Primary ActivitiesThese are the activities related to the production of products and services. This section can be split into sections in certain companies. For instances, the operations in case of a Sainsbury would include information counter, services counter and cashier. subsequently operating without a third-party inventory auditor for ten years, Sainsburys retailers lacked a sound process for ensuring that accurate counts of product were recorded. The absence of a reliable system prevented Sainsburys from accurately measuring its inventory, thereby limiting their ability to enclose product shrinkage. This, in turn, led to lower earn ings. Also present was the reluctance by store force to change store procedures and accept responsibility for accurate store reporting. This ends up becoming weaknesses to Sainsburys operation. (RGIS, 2010)2.5.2 Outbound Logistics of Primary ActivitiesOutbound logistics are activities that distributing the final product or services to the customers. (David Cambell)Product availability is now the best it has been for years. The depot network has been successfully reorganised to continue to improve service to stores. With the increase in sales, the depots now handle over a million more cases and improved efficiencies have also reduced the cost per case. A new distribution centre in Northampton ensures there is enough capacity to match growth expectations and creating 750 new jobs. This strength of the organization has not only improved efficiency to the consumer and also provided jobs for the people (J-Sainsbury.co.uk, 2007)2.6 compassionate Resource Management of Supported Activiti esHuman resource management involves with recruiting, development, motivating and rewarding the workforce of the company. Human resources management is important to a companys operation right away as it is a way of attaining sustainable competitive advantage. In the case of Sainsbury, colleagues are the key to the companys success and over the past year lead training to 9000 managers throughout the business was completed. Sainsbury learned how to engage with its colleagues with its goals and values through their talkback survey and last year had marked improvements in both colleague engagement and its attractership skills. As for that, Sainsbury has a good profile for treating its staff professionally so that this strength of it can recruit staff even easily.After analysed the Strength and Weaknesses and Opportunity and Threats by using Strategic Analytical tools, the next step is Strategy Formulation. With the analysis result are collected, to formulate changes has to base on t he analysed results in order to change accordingly.3.0 Strategy FormulationRon Meyer (2004) describes strategy formulation as the development of long range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats in light of somatic strengths and weaknesses. It includes defining the corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives, developing strategies and setting policy guidelines.3.1 StrategiesM. Thenmozhi (2001) concludes that a strategy of a corporation forms a comprehensive master plan stating how the corporation will accomplish its mission and objectives. There are different types of strategy and the typical business firm will considers tierce types of strategy which are corporate, business and structural strategies.3.2 incorporate StrategyIt describes a companys overall direction in terms of its general attitude towards growth and management of its various business and product lines. Corporate strategy deals with three key issues facing the corpo ration as a whole.3.2.1 Directional strategyIt is the firms overall orientation towards growth, stability and retrenchment.Growth Strategies-Expanding a companys activities to increase sales or to take advantage to reduce the per-unit cost of products sold which increase win. There are two basic growth strategies which are concentration and diversification.Concentration-Concentrate or work closely on the product line that contribute growth or profitable to the organization. The two basic concentration strategies are vertical growth and horizontal growth.Diversification-A company chooses to diversify to seek to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. The three basic diversification strategies are concentric, horizontal and conglomerate. In the case of Sainsbury, Sainsbury has diversified into new market of Sainsburys cuss in 1997. This is a joint venture with Bank of Scotland into a new segment of market. (Encyclopedia.com, 20 01)Stability- Anthony Henry (2008) notes that an organization can continue its current activities without any significant change in direction. Some of the more usual of these strategies are the pause/proceed-with-caution, no-change and profit strategies.Pause/Proceed-With-Caution-This is an opportunity to rest before continuing a growth or retrenchment strategy. It is a very talk over attempt to make only incremental improvements until a particular environmental situation changes.No-Change Strategy-No change strategy is a decision to do nothing new, it is a choice to continue current operations and policies for the foreseeable future.Profit Strategy-A profit strategy is a decision to do nothing new in a worsening situation but instead to act as though the companys problems are only temporary. The profit strategy is an attempt to artificially support profits when a companys sales are declining by reducing investment and short-term discretionary expenditures.Retrenchment Strategies- Thomas L. Wheelen (2006) suggests that companies that are facing declining sales or making losses can imply retrenchment strategy to eliminate the weaknesses that are dragging the company down. Management may follow one of the several retrenchment strategies such as turnaround, becoming a captive company to selling out, bankruptcy or liquidation.Turnaround Strategy-Emphasizes the improvement of operational efficiency and is probably most allow when a corporations problems are pervasive but not yet critical. A poorly performing firm is able to improve its performance by sensitive costs and expenses and by selling assets. There are two types of turnaround strategy which are contraction and consolidation. Sainsbury lost its position as Britains second largest supermarket retailer to Wal-Marts Asda as the sales volume had dropped. Sainsburys Cheif Exceutive planned to cut out 900m of costs to improve its performance. (Richard Fletcher, 2003)Captive Company Strategy-Captive company st rategy involves giving up freedom in exchange for security. A company with a weak competitive position may not be able to engage in a full-blown turnaround strategy. The industry may not be sufficiently attractive to justify such an effort from either the current management or investors.Sell Out-If a corporation with a weak competitive position in an industry is unable either to pull itself up by its bootstraps or to find a customer to which it can become a captive company, it may have no choice but to sell out.Bankruptcy and closure Strategy-When a company is in a poor competitive situation, there are no one is interested to buy a weak company in an unattractive industry. Hence, the firm must pursue a bankruptcy or liquidation strategy. Bankruptcy involves giving up management of the firm to the courts in return for some settlement of the corporations obligations. In contrast to bankruptcy, which seeks to perpetuate a corporation, liquidation is the termination of a firm.3.2.2 Po rtfolio AnalysisTop management views its product lines and business units as a series of portfolio investment and constantly keep analyzing for a profitable return. Two of the most popular strategies are the BCG Growth Share intercellular substance and GE Matrix.BCG or Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix ( Picture refers to appurtenance A)BCG-Share Matrix is a management tool that serves four distinct purposes, it can be used to classify product portfolio in four business types based on four graphic labels including Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks and Dogs. Besides, it can be used to determine what priorities should be given in the product portfolio of a company. Thirdly, it can classify an organisations product portfolio according to their cash usage and generation. Lastly, it offers management available strategies to tackle various product lines. (Tripod.com)Cash Cows-Are units with high market share in a slow-growing industry. These units typically generate cash in exce ss of the step of cash needed to maintain the business.Dogs-Are units with low market share in a mature, slow-growing industry. These units typically break even, generating barely enough cash to maintain the businesss market share.Question Marks-This section are growing rapidly and consume large amount of cash, but because of the low market shares they do not generate much cash this results large net cash consumption.Stars-Are units with a high market share in a fast-growing industry.3.2.3 Parenting StrategyIt views a corporation in terms of resources and capabilities that can be used to build business unit value as well as generate synergies across business units. Corporate parenting generates corporate strategy by focusing on the core competencies of the parent corporation and on the value created from the relationship between the parent and its business.3.3 Business StrategyChristina Crowe (2010) describes that Business strategy is to strengthen a particular business so that its performance increases and the business are more profitable. It improves the competitive position of the corporations products or services in the specific industry or marketing segment. Michael Porter developed Generic strategies which consist of cost leadershiphip, differentiation and focus.3.3.1 Generic Strategy (Picture refer to Appendix B)Cost Leadership-It is emphasizing efficiency, cost reduction is necessary in all aspects of the business. It has to produce high volume of standardized products to take the advantage of economies of scales and experience arch effects. The product is often a basic no-frills product which is low cost and made available to a very large customer base. It will be profitable as the product is much cheaper to produce.China domestic retail industry faced fierce competition from foreign-funded retail go-aheads, hence, China used to the Cost Leadership Strategy to gained back the competition.(EngHi138, 2006)Differentiation-Differentiated goods and ser vices satisfy the needs of customers through a sustainable competitive advantage. This allows companies to desensitize prices and focus on value that generates a comparatively higher price and a better margin.Focus or Niche Strategy-Organization focuses effort and resources on a narrow, defined segment of a market. Competitive advantage is generated specifically for the niche. A niche strategy is often used by smaller firms. A company could use either a cost focus or a differentiation focus. With a cost focus a firm aims at being the lowest cost maker in that niche or segment. With a differentiation focus a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation inside the niche or segment. (MarketingTeacher.com, 2000)3.4 Functional StrategyIt is the approach taken by a functional area to achieve corporate and business unit objectives and strategies by maximizing resource productivity. It is concerned with developing nurturing a distinctive competence to provide a company or bus iness unit with a competitive advantage.A power structure of strategy is the grouping of strategy types by levels in the organization. This hierarchy of strategy is a nesting of one strategy within another so that they complement and support one another. Functional strategies support business strategies that in turn support the corporate strategy (John A. Pearce, 2011,p288)3.5 Strategy EvaluationAnthony Henry (2008) mentions that Suitability, feasibility and acceptability can help managers to be explicit about any assumptions that may underpin their strategies.3.5.1 Suitability-the plan or the changes are suitable or not to the organisation which help the organisation to overcome difficulties or help the organisation to improve.An organisation will be concerned to evaluate how well the strategy matches the needs identified within its strategic analysis. There should be some consistency between the strategy, the opportunities within the external environment, the resources and capabil ities of the organisation, and the organisational objectives (Juha Kettunen)3.5.2 Feasibility-Concerns whether a strategy will work in practice. An organisation must ensure that it possesses the necessary resources and capabilities, such as finance, technological expertise, marketing, and other factors necessary to implement the strategy.3.5.3 Acceptability- This criterion of acceptability addresses the response of stakeholders to the proposed strategy. Clearly, if a strategic change is to be implemented, it must have the support of those who will be most affected by it.In a nutshell, subsequently completed the strategy formulation, the next is to sets the stage of strategy implementation. Implementation is usually considered after strategy has been formulated, implementation is a key part of strategic management.4.0 Strategy ImplementationThe last section of strategy management is often called the action phase as Kyra Bartolomei (2010) defines Strategy Implementation as the proces s of allocating resources to support the chosen strategies to generate positive outcomes which can achieve the organizational goals.Pierce and Robinson say that to effectively direct and control the use of the firms resources, mechanisms such as organizational structure, information systems, leadership styles, assignment of key managers, budgeting, rewards and control systems are essential strategy implementation ingredients4.1 Organisational StructureShane Thornton (2011) points out that organizational structure are formal systems of relationships that exist within a business. Organizational structures allow management to monitor and control the business process while facilitating working relationships among employees from top to bottom. Different types of organizational structures include functional structure, divisional structure, matrix structure, hierarchic or tall structure, and horizontal or flat structure. However, functional and divisional structures are commonly used by r etail industry asTesco organisation structure is functional structure as it has different department to serve different tasks which allows its employees to see easily who is in charge of eachdepartment or who their department manager is (123HelpMe.com). On the other hand, Asda used both divisional and functional structures. The functional structure of Asda consist of few departments and the main department is the customer service department as Asda is more concerns about customer service which they think it is extremely important that a business gives 100% at all times to the customer because there are only one chance with a customer and if the customer is not impressed with the service they received, they will not return and also will spread bad comments about Asda. As for the divisional Structure of Asda, it has the Executive Committee, Editorial Board, Council Chairs, ASDA Board of Trustees and ASDA House of Delegates (Asda.net.org).Functional Structure-Donna G. Morton (2011) exp lained that functional structure is differs from a divisional or product structure, which typically distinguishes its units by product type or geographical region and allows leaders within each unit more control. This means that dividing the tasks into functional specialties to enables the personnel of the firms to concentrate on only one aspect of the necessary work. The functional structure was designed on the concept that high specialization and high control yields high efficiency.The organisation structure used by Sainsbury is the Functional Structure as Sainsbury has different department such as IT department and purchasing department. The IT department is more focus on efficiency system to customer and the purchasing department is to deliver in time and efficient. The purchasing department was previously complex and was then control by Lawrence Christensen who joined in September and restructuring including the recruitment of new members to the management team. (J-sainsbury.co .uk)Divisional Structure-Audra Bianca (2009) defines divisional organizational structure as breaks the public, private or non-profit firm into a series of semi-autonomous units. Each division has its own chief officer who is accountable for the performance of the division. Organizations must decide how to organize parts of the firm according to characteristics like function, geographic location or products.4.2 Strategy LeadershipOrganisational leadership is to directive and shepherding towards a vision over time and developing growth and success to an organisation (John A. Pearce, 2011, p326 ). Leaders galvanize commitment to embrace change through three interrelated activities which are clarifying strategic intent, building and organisation and shaping organisational culture.4.2.1 Clarifying Strategy IntentClarifying Strategy Intent is a construct sense of where they want to lead the company and what results they expect to achieve. To clarify Strategic Intent, organisation has to simultaneously concentrate and focus on the vision and performance (John A. Pearce, 2011, p328).Vision-A leader has to communicate clearly and directly a fundamental vision of what the business needs to become.Performance-Clarifying strategic intent must also ensure the survival of the enterprise as it pursues a well articulated vision, and after it reaches the vision. So a key element of good organisational leadership is to make clear the performance expectations a leader has for the organisation, and mangers in it, as they seek to move toward that vision.Alex Blyth (2007) report that the arrival of Justin King as the new CEO of Sainsbury which created a new approach, Sainsburys began its leadership broadcast in October 2004. Straight away, the HR team undertook a major communications exercise to spread these values throughout the business. Sainsburys last audited set of financial results, which it reported in November 2006, are testament to the success of the leadership programme . The company enjoyed half-year sales growth of 8.3%, and a 60% leap in profits to 189m. Internal measures have also shown the programme was well received. The companys monthly staff opinion survey has shown a 10% rise in the indices that measure employee engagement and leadership cogency over the past 12 months. The leadership programme has been a significant factor in this recent improvement in the companys fortunes.4.2.2 Building an OrganisationThomas L. Wheelen (2008) mentions that leaders spend considerable time shaping and refining their organisational structure and making it function effectively to accomplish strategic intent. Leaders have to rebuilding, make over or create new strategy for the organisation to align with the ever-changing environment. However, there are overcoming resistance while making any changes which leaders find themselves facing problems while attempt to rebuild the organisation. Leaders can overcome with the problems with the help of education, pers everance and principle.Education and Leadership Development-The effort to familiarize future leaders with the skills important to the company and to develop exceptional leaders among the managers employed.Perseverance-Perseverance of a leader is the capacity to see a commitment through to completion long after most people would have stopped trying.Principle-A leaders fundamental personal standards that guide her sense of honesty, integrity, and ethical behaviour.4.2.3 Shaping Organisational CultureLeaders u

Representation of Photos in the Media

Representation of Photos in the MediaIntroduction to Media and Media Studies, Writing and the Media, Reading the MediaQuestion 1For the representation in the media, we domiciliate relate to wireless, television, cinema, internet such(prenominal) as social media, countersign and so on. Through them, we receive distinguishable schooling and entertainment, much often than not for young population who grew up in modern universe and society. Media representation is how media portray particular pigeonholings, ideas or way outs in the initiation to an opposite(a) perspective how we canvass it. Let me take peep, for an example. Twitter is social media that have over 1 billion ingestionrs monthly and 313 million monthly active users. (Twitter usage/Company facts, 2016.)Twitter is star of the social media where hatful post their opinions nearly recent events, what is currently happening in their lives, who did something that was not impropriate or who is in a relationship wi th whom. or so of the companies or/and celebrities argon trying to interact with their followers and fans. Those fans can wait on their inspirations the carriage they look wish, their behavior and not experiencing it in reality.In the interpretation, OShaughnessy and Stadler (201635) feel outs that media first gives us information and solo after the explanationsOn the way media argon teaching people how to make a change in the man and how they see the world that about them. Let me take travel blog as an example. For the last few years more and more people atomic number 18 traveling around the world taking photographs, learning about new cultures, new countries, mostly difference between people. Only after they write about it and that is how they teach other people. Personally, I think that is the best way to meet surroundings, to be filled with experience and go throughledge.Figure 1 Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL SMART IN THE sp death Summer time is here It is the perf ect time for traveling and exploring the world. (The Lab, 2013) TAKE ANOTHER ONEWhen we talk about evolution media, they give us the information about some issues or just how to understand genders, religions, cultures or races. They want to teach us how to be normal, basically creating stereotypes and making people being faultfinding(prenominal), how we see the world and the way we are termination to treat each other if they are not the aforesaid(prenominal) as we are (OShaughnessy Stadler, 2016).Perfect example is with the biggest YouTube whiz Felix Kjellberg or his way name PewDiePie and biggest business journal, The smother Street Journal. Felix is a web-based comedian and video producer whose job is to make people laugh. As PewDiePie/Felix says in the video old school media doesnt like Internet personalities, because they are afraid of us. We have so much influence and such a large fathom and they dont understand that (see My Response- PewDiePie, 2017).Even if he did an interview in 2013 with The Wall Street Journal they would only focus how much he earns as the tittle says YouTubes Biggest get by Plays Games, Earns $4 million a Year (The Wall Street Journal, 2014.)Also the media would only acknowledge him for earning money by playing games as a hobby, consumption money on cars and luxuries, but they do not say that he donates millions to charities. But because he was so successful in his career, he wanted to be funnier than usual. In one of his YouTube videos he went just a bit far with paying dickens men that were holding a sign saw termination to all Jews after he apologized to everyone saying that he did not expect their response (see My Response PewDiePie, 2017).In the videos he made before, he would wear a uniform, taking Adolf Hitler as a reference to make people laugh, but the words Adolf Hitler was saying had Nazi messages. As The Wall Street Journal (20171) says Disney Servers Ties With YouTube superstar PewDiePie later on Anti- Semitic Posts.After that incident happened Disney canceled his show saying people Jewish religion were offended. PewDiePie automatically responded and apologized to his fans and people all over the world saying he didnt want to offend anyone and that his job is to make people laugh. Other you-tubers are standing with PewDiePie, even his friend whose religion is Jewish. Felix friend Ethan Hakmon or his channel name h3h3Productions, states that Disney and WSJ didnt ask people Jewish religion did they actually got offended or not, because he isnt. (see Is PewDiePie Racist h3h3Productions, 2017).Representation, interpretation and evaluation in media are creating the world as a single community because they are giving their opinions on certain topics. The problem is they have a huge influence on the world and people. People are becoming stereotypes and do not have their own opinion.Question 2One of the roles in the media is to inform. Media inform us about our surroundings, we can easil y find out what is happening in our country or on the other side of the world. For an example Haiti Earthquake in 2010. Oliver Laurent (2015) states On Jan 12, 2010, a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 struck Haiti, crop uping more than 160,000 and displacing close to 1.5 million people. Five years later, the scars of the tragedy remain in Port-au-Prince,We chose Haiti as information media because it was terrible for people whose families were on the island on that devastating and sad day. A lot of lives were lost and they are still battling with a lot of antithetic sicknesses and people who are still trying to find them members of families.The second role of in the media is to educate. Media educate us about possible diseases, technology, undiscovered places and different cultures. As an example Elon Musk, who created SolarCity. Musk believes that in 20-30 years majority of the planet will use solar energy system. (see The mind behind Tesla, SpaceX, SolarCity Elon Mu sk TED talks, 2013). SolarCity creates roofs who are invisible but cells are exposed to the sun. A roof with hidden solar tiles that powers your home with clean, renewable energy (SolarCity, 2017).Basically, Elon Musk is teaching us how to save the environment around us and use it in a good way, but also how to save our money and time.The third role of the media is to entertain. It contains of film, television, radio and internet. They are providing us with a lot of different content wanting to people to have fun, relax with their family and friends or just socialize. The Walt Disney Company, for example. They are cartoon creation company, film company and music record label. They are also producing clothes and toys (About The Walt Disney Company, 2017).We chose The Walt Disney Company as an entertainment as an example because of their offers and there is something for people in every age.Question 3Figure 2 Hutchings, M. 2015. Protest on the behave south African occasion Isabell e Lotter JoinsFeesMustFall Movement. (Ramp1885.com, 2015)According to the BuzzFeedNews (2015) Fees Must Fall Movement is student protest that began mid-October in 2015 and still going in South Africa. Universities wanted to raise costs by 10.5 percent. First protest was on the campus of the University of Witwatersrand and it was spread to other universities in the country.Figure 3 CityogJoburgZA, 2016. South Africa Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg.(Africanews.com., 2016)Africanews.com (2016) reports the storm was bad and it was raining a lot on 9th of November 2016. International airport O.R. Tambo was flooded, not only the airport but streets also. Water was everywhere and ended with disaster. People were dying and a lot of the infrastructure was ruined. Figure 4 Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin the States Dont read the worst about Donald Trump (Independent.co.uk., 2016)On this picture we can see Barack Obama (right on the picture) who was United State s President before Donald Trump (left on the picture) on November 10, 2016. where they discussed about foreign and domestic policy (US Weekly, 2016). The picture was taken after the election at the White House in Washington D.C. (US Weekly, 2016).Question 4Our synopsis of photograph that Sabelo Mlangeni was taking a series of photographs of people who African people are ignoring their existence. JRDIJKSTRA (2014) states in one of his articles that people are judged for things they do and for who they are. They are just trying to find themselves, it is not their fault that they were born in different bodies and different mind. But again, people are going to look at you and window pane fingers at you just because you do not look like they do.On the provided photographs we can see men who are wearing womans clothes and who represent their selves as women and women who are described as ghost. JRDIJKSTRA (2014) is asking himself Why then do we hate these boys when they have grown up to be men who dress as women? Why do we turn and call them names, pretending that weve never seen it?The first thing that strikes us is their fashion. Because the way persons hair is done, the way they are dressed and the way they are proud who they are. You cannot really see that often with other people, but again, it is their fashion and this is how they feel and are. Also images are black and white which is unusual for 21 century.Central issue or concern would be how men are dressed in reality and the way they are not afraid to show who and what they are. Also, women on the street are like ghost what actually shows us how we do not realize what is happening around us and who is doing their job.Medium of the photographs are 10241024 and they are all black and white. They give us feeling how was in the past but in present.With his images he reflects on his countrys past, while at the same time looking forward into the future and how life has changed. History forms an important part o f my thrash, he explains, especially in my own country where its just two decades ago that Apartheid was abolished (JRDIJKSTRA, 2014). So many things changed through past in South Africa. We think he wants to show people that difference between race and LGBTI people is not that different. It affects everyone around us and there is no rights of free speech and them coming out as different is brave no matter what other people are saying. Mlangeni wants to show us they existed before, not just in newer era.Sabelo Mlangeni is not relevant in South Africa because LGBTI is not a big topic at the moment the way is in countries overseas. The problem is that our country focuses more on corruption and finance rather than LGBTI. Maybe that is the reason they get more judged here in South Africa or African continent than in Europe, US or Australia.Question 5In South African movies such as District 9 and Tsotsi we can see a lot of crimes and how people are treating each other.Firstly, let me di scuss about District 9. Xenophobia is one of the main problems in this movie. Xenophobia is a fear or dislike against people from other countries. (Dictonary.com, s.a.). Also in the movie they are referring to aliens as shrimps. I would say it is a racist thing to say. People from Johannesburg see aliens as people who steal all the time, they are uneducated or just doing illegal things. focus of the crime is massive. The main character is Wikus van de Merwe, who is a very naive and he only thinks about himself, he also treats aliens like they are nothing. After he sprays a fluid in his face, he starts turning into one of them or into a shrimp. His father-in-law tries to convince his daughter to move on, because he does not like him that is why he even gave him a promotion in the company called MNU. Nigerian people were shown as War Lords because they were selling cat food to aliens as a scam, they would trade cat food for alien weapon. The problem was that the weapon works only wit h alien identity, so the boss of Nigerians wanted to cut Wikus advance off. Muti is a term for a witch doctor that Nigerians believed in, they would kill aliens and eat their parts hoping they will get their powers to use their weapon. Another problem is that the media would show everything what is happening. At one point when the explosion happened, they said it was a terrorist attack, which was a lie. Also, when Wikus body started to change, people would see him on the news or hear on the radio and they would run away from him. Nobody wanted to listen to him and hear what he has to say, people only believed in mass media. At the end they were all judgmental to each other, because they were not the same (District 9, 2009).And Tsotsi (2005) is a movie about stealing from people, killing and running away from reality. One of the problems is how those people live. Their houses are not in proper conditions, there are a lot of diseases that can be spread around them. The second problem was that the main character did not know how to communicate without using his gun, he would have disrespectful behavior and he did not have mercy for anyone. The third problem is that most of the children from the street are on the street because they dont have families or their families are just ruined. The main characters mom was sick and she died when he was little and his dad was alcoholic, so he basically did not have anyone to raise him on the way he can have an education or love. He would steal more and more from people who would look better looking, fights and killing others were the answer for everything. The only reason for changing his mind from all the crime was the baby from the car he stole. At the end he returns baby home after trying to take care of him, realizing it is very hard to take care of kids if you dont have money and safe reach to live. Also, he took responsibilities for his actions.Question 66.1. Vodacom Summer 2015 hang caption does not have anything w ith the provided link. However, insinuate that was on offer on provided link was a dirty screw thread Bread (My Mom Is So Cool, 2015). The advert is way too long and it loses the whole point of the advert. We also decided to find Vodacom Summer 2015 Advert (Vodacom Summer 2015, 2015). From the begging we can see it that advert is about Vodacom. We think they tried to show their consumers and future consumers that they can lenify in touch and stay connected no matter in which situation they are or where ever they are.6.2. Chicken Licken Advert (Inner peace, 2015) tries to show us how their master is going to do everything and anything to get chicken pieces and just because he is eating their chicken he is so good in karate.6.3. KFC (Emzini Wezinsizwa KFC South Africa advert, 2015) advert shows us that family or group of five can share one meal for a good price. The quality of the food is excellent because they would do anything for it. Also main characters in the advert according to the SABC1 (2017), were from the highly popular African sitcom Emzini Wezinsizwa.Bibliography/Reference listTwitter usage/Company facts. 2017. Its whats happening, 30 June 2016. Online. on tap(predicate) at https//about.twitter.com/company Accessed 03.03.2017.OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and society. fifth ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Oxford University press.Lin, E. 2013. 7 tips to travel smart in the summer, The Lab, 2 July 2013 Blog. Online. Available at http//blog.kdanmobile.com/2013/07/02/7-tips-to-travel-smart-in-the-summer/ Accessed 03.03.2017.OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and Society. 5th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Oxford University press.My Response PewDiePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie Online. https//www.youtube.com/ correspond?v=lwk1DogcPmU Accessed 03.04.2017.My Response PewDiePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie Online. https//www.youtube.com/ stick to?v=lwk1DogcPmU Accessed 03.04.2017.Gr undberg, S. and Hansegards, J. 2014. Youtubes biggest draw plays games, earns 4$ million a year. Cussing, Comic Videogame Reviwer PewDiePIe has 27 Million Subscribers. The Wall Street Journal. 1. Online. Available at https//www.wsj.com/articles/youtube-star-plays-videogames-earns-4-million-a-year-1402939896 Accessed 04.03.2017.Winkler, R., Nicas, J. and Fritz, B. 2017. Disney Servers Ties With YouTube Star PewDiePie After Anti-Semitic Posts. Move came after the Journal asked about videos in which he included anti-Semitic jokes or Nazi imagery. The Wall Street Journal. 1. Online. https//www.wsj.com/articles/disney-severs-ties-with-youtube-star-pewdiepie-after-anti-semitic-posts-1487034533 Accessed 04.03.2017.Is PewDiePie Racist? h3h3Productions. 2017. YouTube video, added by h3h3Productions Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLNSiFrS3n4 Accessed 04.03.2017.Laurent, O. 2016. Haiti Earthquake Five Years Later. Time.com, 21 January 2015 Online. Available at http//time.com/3662225/h aiti-earthquake-five-year-after/ Accessed 04.03.2017.The mind behind Tesla, SpaceX, SolarCity Elon Musk TED talks. 2017. YouTube video, added by TED Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgKWPdJWuBQ Accessed 04.03.2017.SolarCity. 2017. Solar roof. n.d. 2017. Online. Available at http//www.solarcity.com/residential/solar-roof Accessed 04.03.2017.The Walt Disney Company. 2017. About The Walt Disney Company, 2017. Online. Available at https//thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Ramp1885.com. 2015. Protest on the Ramp South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins FeesMustFall Movement. Online. Available at http//ramp1885.com/protest-on-the-ramp-south-african-designer-isabelle-lotter-joins-feesmustfall-movement/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Africanews.com. 2016. South Africa Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. Online. Available at http//www.africanews.com/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Africanews.com. 2016. Sout h AfricaFlash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. Online. Available at http//www.africanews.com/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump. Online. Available at http//www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barack-obama-donald-trump-latinamerica-president-elect-dont-assume-worst-tpp-trade-a7427986.html Accessed 04.03.2017.US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 Online. http//www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 Accessed 04.03.2017.US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 Online. http//www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 Accessed 04.03.2017.JRDIJKSTR A. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont give way in a drawer. Online. http//jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni Accessed 07.03.2017.JRDIJKSTRA. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont belong in a drawer. Online. http//jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni Accessed 07.03.2017.Dictonary.com s.a. Online. http//www.dictionary.com/browse/xenophobia?s=t Accessed 04.03.2017.District 9. 2009. Directed by Neil Blompkamp, plastic film. South Africa, New Zealand, United States TriStar Pictures.Tsotsi. 2005. Directed by Gavin Hood, Film. South Africa Ster-Kinekor Pictures and Miramax Films.My Mom Is So Cool Blue Ribbon Bread. 2015., added by Blue Ribbon Bread, 19 Feb 2014. Brand video. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW4WfO0LMnw Accessed 07.03.2017.Vodacom Summer 2015 MyBroadband. 2016. YouTube video, added by MyBroadband Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iBZpTdDNTs Accessed 07.03.2017.Inner peace Chicken Licken Advert. 2015., Agency Network BBDO Johannesburg, South A frica, 5 Nov 2015. Brand video. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMctGA8CzQE Accessed 07.03.2017.SABC 1. 2017. About Emzini Wezinsizwa, n.d 2017. Online. http//www.sabc1.co.za/sabc/home/sabc1/schedule/details?id=63154728-3583-4156-a34b-f080985d6811title=Emzini%20Wezinsizwa Accessed 07.03.2017.In the List of FiguresFigure 5 Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL SMART IN THE SUMMER Summer time is here It is the perfect time for traveling and exploring the world.Figure 6 Hutchings, M. 2015. Protest on the Ramp South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins FeesMustFall Movement.Figure 7 CityogJoburgZA, 2016. South Africa Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg.Figure 8 Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump.